The structural forms of guardrail mainly have semi-rigid guardrail, rigid guardrail and flexible guardrail, each form has its adaptability, the semi-rigid guardrail is widely used at present. Wave beam guardrail is a common form of semi-rigid guardrail, it has a certain stiffness and toughness, mainly through the deformation of beam, column and soil to absorb collision energy, damaged parts are easy to replace, and has a certain line of sight induction. Corrugated beam guardrail consists of corrugated guardrail plate, column, bracket, resistance block, end, fastener and foundation.

Concrete guardrail is a kind of wall guardrail structure with certain section shape, which belongs to rigid guardrail. Concrete guardrails are made of cement, sand, water and steel. Concrete guardrail formwork is an indispensable and important tool in the precast process. It directly affects the quality of precast concrete. It is necessary to check the size and quality of steel formwork. The quality of concrete base affects the quality after installation, so the quality of base should be tested according to the standard. The appearance quality and geometric dimensions of concrete guardrail must also be tested. Cable guardrail is a flexible guardrail made of wire rope twist. According to the location, it can be divided into two types: road side and central separation zone, and from the embedding conditions, it can be divided into two types: burying in road and in concrete. Concrete foundation is used where the column cannot be driven into and the subgrade filling cannot guarantee the column's buried depth. The cable is of 3X7 galvanized/rightward twist construction with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Cable guardrail is composed of end column, middle end column, middle column, bracket, cable anchor and fastener, which requires surface anti-corrosion treatment. The quality of cable guardrail should include anticorrosion performance, material performance, geometric size and appearance quality.